Lesson 2 · Nominal style

Verbs turned into nouns

entscheiden → die Entscheidung. Recognising the pattern, undoing it, and knowing when each style belongs.

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Spoken German runs on verbs. Written German — reports, contracts, official letters, newspapers — runs on nouns. The same information, packed differently.

  • Die Firma erweitert das Büro.

    The company is extending the office.

    verbal style — who does what

  • Die Erweiterung des Büros ist geplant.

    The extension of the office is planned.

    nominal style — the action has become a thing

When you read a long noun, ask yourself which verb it came from. Half of formal German becomes readable at that moment.

Verb / adjectiveNounPattern
entscheidendie Entscheidung-ung
entwickelndie Entwicklung-ung
verbesserndie Verbesserung-ung
lösendie Lösung-ung
möglichdie Möglichkeit-keit
wichtigdie Wichtigkeit / die Bedeutung-keit
sicherdie Sicherheit-heit
informierendie Information-tion
lernendas Lerneninfinitive as a noun

Two things are worth knowing about these suffixes. -ung, -heit, -keit and -tion nouns are all feminine, which is one of the very few reliable gender rules in German. And a nominalised infinitive — das Lernen, das Arbeiten, das Warten — is always neuter.

Whole clauses compress the same way, and this is where reading gets hard. The subordinate clause disappears and a preposition takes over.

  • Weil die Preise steigen, … → Wegen des Preisanstiegs …

    Because prices are rising … → Because of the price rise …

    weil → wegen + Genitiv

  • Nachdem das Projekt abgeschlossen wurde, … → Nach Abschluss des Projekts …

    After the project was completed … → After completion of the project …

    nachdem → nach

  • Bevor wir anfangen, … → Vor Beginn …

    Before we start … → Before the start …

    bevor → vor

Nominal style is denser and more formal. Verbal style is clearer and closer to speech. Neither is better German — they belong in different places.

Die Durchführung der Verbesserung der Organisation der Abläufe …Wir wollen die Abläufe besser organisieren.

Germans complain about this style too. Learn to read it; use it sparingly, and only where the text is genuinely formal.

Words from this topic

  • die die Entwicklungthe development
  • die die Verbesserungthe improvement
  • die die Erweiterungthe extension, the expansion
  • der der Abschlussthe completion, the conclusion
  • der der Anstiegthe rise, the increase
  • die die Umsetzungthe implementation
  • der der Rückgangthe decline, the drop
  • die die Einführungthe introduction
Next: Saying exactly what the condition is